Sometimes if MC is loading slowly you can see through the ground. I have no idea what the second picture is supposed to be.
MC has to load a lot of chunks, so sometimes if it doesn't load on time, you don't see the blocks. The game still insinuates they are there, they're just invisible.
Yes. This is called chunk lagging. It is when loading chunks screw up so that some stuff becomes invisible. It also occurs when your computer has bad memory or low memory XD
First picture is called an invisible chunk, its not a chunk error more of an invisible chunk. Turning off Smooth Lighting and turning on OpenGL (depends on your graphic card, do not turn it on unless you know what your doing. If you turn it on without knowing you will have errors showing) will most likely resolve this issue. As a second resort you can install OptiFine as this resolves that sort of issue. As for the second photograph I have no idea. Maybe your lagging.
I get glitches like the one in the first picture sometimes. The chunks won't load until I walk directly on them. My workaround is to go to the graphic settings and play with the render distance. I set it to the same setting but that gets all the chunks reloaded.
Everyone should be using Optifine, even with good PC, as it greatly helps world load speed... It will get rid of that issue. also, unless your running a super old pc, you should be using Advanced OpenGL... Not enabling that makes MC so laggy... and if it does hurt you turning it on, go to a store and buy a new video card for 50$....
1. i do use optifine 2.i have a new oops 2008 gaming computer 3. that is the first time i've seen this